Effective September 11, 2026, the Department is expanding the citrus greening disease boundary in the Murrieta area of Riverside County and into San Diego County (grids 484, 499, and 510). A map of the expanded boundary can be found at https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/citrus/pests_diseases/hlb/regulation.html.
Also effective September 11, 2026, the Department is expanding the Asian Citrus Psyllid Bulk Citrus Regional Quarantine Zone 6 in these areas to reflect the HLB quarantine boundary expansion. A map of the expanded boundary can be found at https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/citrus/pests_diseases/acp/regulation.html.
Regulated articles and conditions for intrastate movement under the quarantine can be found at Title 3 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR) section 3435 & 3439. Pursuant to 3 CCR § 3435 &3439, any interested party or local entity may appeal a quarantine area designation.
Process to Appeal the Expanded Boundary
The appeal must be submitted to the Department in writing and supported by clear and convincing evidence. The appeal must be filed no later than ten (10) working days from the date of this notification. During the pending of the appeal, the designated quarantine boundary under appeal shall remain in effect.
Mail Appeals to:CDFA – Citrus Division1220 N StreetSacramento, CA 95814
Electronic Notification of Boundary Changes
California Code of Regulation allows interested parties to be notified of quarantine area boundary changes, as well as the opportunity to submit quarantine boundary appeals. If interested in receiving notifications, please sign up for regulatory updates through the email notification at: https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/CADFA/subscriber/new
For questions regarding the regulations or map, please email Raymond Niem (Raymond.Niem@cdfa.ca.gov) or call 916-274-6300. — Story contributed by the California Department of Food and Ag
Effective Aug. 19, USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), in cooperation with the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA), expanded the area quarantined for sweet orange scab (SOS) in the Burbank, Los Angeles and Long Beach areas of Los Angeles County and the Anaheim and Garden Grove areas of Orange County. SOS is a disease caused by the fungus Elsinöe australis. APHIS is expanding the quarantined area by 110 square miles in Los Angeles County and 67 square miles in Orange County. APHIS is taking this action because of SOS detections in plant tissue samples collected from residential properties in Los Angeles and Orange Counties. There are 2.5 acres of commercial citrus impacted by the Anaheim and Garden Grove area expansion
APHIS is applying safeguarding measures outlined in Federal Order DA-2024-34 pertaining to the interstate movement of regulated articles from the quarantined areas in California. This measure parallels the intrastate quarantine that CDFA established on June 18, 2026. This action is necessary to prevent the spread of SOS to non-infested areas of the United States
The APHIS Sweet Orange Scab webpage has information on this disease, Federal Orders, APHIS approved packinghouse procedures, and a description of current Federal SOS quarantined areas.
Effective Aug. 14, the CDFA is expanding the citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV quarantine) in the Lodi area of San Joaquin County (grids 180 and 191). A map of the expanded boundary can be found at https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/citrus/pests_diseases/cyvcv/regulation.html.
Regulated articles and conditions for intrastate movement under the quarantine can be found at Title 3 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR) section 3447. Pursuant to 3 CCR §3447, any interested party or local entity may appeal a quarantine area designation.
Process to Appeal the Expanded Boundary
The appeal must be submitted to the Department in writing and supported by clear and convincing evidence. The appeal must be filed no later than ten (10) working days from the date of this notification. During the pending of the appeal, the designated quarantine boundary under appeal shall remain in effect.
Mail Appeals to: CDFA – Citrus Division 1220 N Street Sacramento, CA 95814
Electronic Notification of Boundary Changes
California Code of Regulation allows interested parties to be notified of quarantine area boundary changes, as well as the opportunity to submit quarantine boundary appeals. If interested in receiving notifications, please sign up for regulatory updates through the email notification at: https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/CADFA/subscriber/new.
For questions regarding the regulations or map, please email Raymond Niem (Raymond.Niem@cdfa.ca.gov) or call 916-274-6300. — Story contributed by the California Department of Food and Ag
California Citrus Mutual (CCM) announced the selection of Tom Danowski as its new CEO following a search conducted by the CCM Board of Directors.
Danowski brings more than three decades of executive leadership experience spanning agriculture, advocacy, trade association management and marketing to the job. More recently, he served for 13 years as President and CEO of the Oregon Wine Board and Oregon Winegrowers Association. During his tenure, he helped drive the Oregon wine industry’s total annual economic impact from $2.7 billion to $8 billion through industry collaboration, strategic advocacy and public policy work.
“We are excited to welcome Tom to California Citrus Mutual,” said Julia Inestroza, CCM Board Chair. “The Board was looking for a leader with strong agricultural and advocacy experience who could help guide our organization into the future. With Tom’s leadership, experience working with growers, and ability to build strong relationships with policymakers, we are confident he will be a great leader for CCM and California’s citrus industry.”
Danowski said he was drawn to the opportunity because of California citrus’s reputation and the organization’s strong leadership.
“Citrus is one of California’s most iconic agricultural industries. California citrus has an outstanding reputation, and CCM has a highly respected Board of Directors and a dedicated team working on behalf of growers, said Danowski. “It’s an exciting opportunity to bring what I’ve learned from another premium specialty crop industry and apply it to helping California citrus continue to thrive.”
“I look forward to building on the tremendous work already underway, continuing the energy and vision that have made California citrus so successful, and helping lawmakers and policymakers develop an even deeper understanding of the industry’s importance to California agriculture and our economy,” he continued.
Ryan Young of Sun Pacific, who served on the CEO Search Committee, said the Board was intentional in finding a leader with the right blend of advocacy experience and executive leadership.
“After an extensive and thoughtful search process, it became clear that Tom possesses the qualities we are looking for. He understands grower-funded organizations, has a strong track record of working with government leaders, and has successfully led a major agricultural trade association through significant growth and change,” said Young.
As CEO, Danowski will lead CCM’s advocacy efforts on behalf of California citrus growers at the state and federal levels while overseeing the organization’s membership services, communications, industry partnerships, and strategic initiatives. He will officially begin his role as CEO on Sept. 1.
Effective July 29, the Department is expanding the HLB quarantine boundary in the Fallbrook and Rainbow areas of San Diego County and into Riverside County (grids 499 and 500). A map of the expanded boundary can be found at https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/citrus/pests_diseases/hlb/regulation.html.
Also effective July 29, the Department is expanding the Asian Citrus Psyllid Bulk Citrus Regional Quarantine Zone 6 in the both areas to reflect the HLB quarantine boundary expansion. A map of the expanded boundary can be found at https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/citrus/pests_diseases/acp/regulation.html.
Regulated articles and conditions for intrastate movement under the quarantine can be found at Title 3 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR) section 3435 & 3439. Pursuant to 3 CCR § 3435 &3439, any interested party or local entity may appeal a quarantine area designation.
Process to Appeal the Expanded Boundary
The appeal must be submitted to the Department in writing and supported by clear and convincing evidence. The appeal must be filed no later than ten (10) working days from the date of this notification. During the pending of the appeal, the designated quarantine boundary under appeal shall remain in effect.
Mail Appeals to: CDFA — Citrus Division 1220 N Street Sacramento, CA 95814
Electronic Notification of Boundary Changes
California Code of Regulation allows interested parties to be notified of quarantine area boundary changes, as well as the opportunity to submit quarantine boundary appeals. If interested in receiving notifications, please sign up for regulatory updates through the email notification at: https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/CADFA/subscriber/new
For questions regarding the regulations or map, email Raymond Niem (Raymond.Niem@cdfa.ca.gov) or call 916.274.6300.
— Story contributed to the California Department of Food and Agriculture
California Citrus Mutual (CCM) recently welcomed the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s decision to update the federal standard of identity for pasteurized orange juice. The action marks the first significant revision to the standard in more than 60 years and takes effect Aug.19.
Under the revised standard, orange juice will be permitted to contain up to 15% juice from mandarins and mandarin hybrids while still being labeled orange juice. The rule also adjusts the minimum sugar-content threshold, known as the Brix level, to reflect current growing conditions. Together, the changes bring the decades-old standard in line with today’s citrus industry and strengthen the domestic juice supply.
The FDA reviewed consumer sensory data during its rulemaking process and concluded that the change will not alter how consumers perceive orange juice. The agency found the update preserves the taste and quality consumers expect while giving domestic producers greater flexibility and reducing reliance on imported juice.
CCM supported the update through the FDA’s public rulemaking process, submitting comments in favor of the change and working with members of Congress to advance it. The petitions that prompted the rule were led by Florida’s citrus industry, whose growers have faced production challenges from disease and severe weather.
“The California citrus industry thanks the FDA for updating the orange juice standard and allowing the blending of complementary citrus varieties,” said Jacob Villagomez, CCM Director of Governmental Affairs. “This decision supports domestic juice production, reduces reliance on imports, and ensures consumers continue receiving the quality and flavor they expect.”
The change is expected to create new opportunities for California growers, who produce large volumes of mandarins and mandarin hybrids. California is predominantly a fresh-market supplier, and the higher blending allowance opens a stronger processing outlet for fruit that does not reach the fresh market. Mandarins have become an increasingly important part of California’s citrus production.
CCM appreciates the FDA’s willingness to update a decades-old regulation through a science-based process that benefits growers, processors, and consumers alike. — Story contributed by California Citrus Mutual
Effective June 18, the CDFA is expanding the sweet orange scab (SOS) quarantine in the Burbank, Los Angeles and Long Beach areas of Los Angeles County and the Anaheim and Garden Grove areas of Orange County (grids 438, 439, 455, 456, 457, 470, and 471). A map of the new boundary can be found at https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/citrus/pests_diseases/sos/regulation.html.
Regulated articles and conditions for intrastate movement under the quarantine can be found at Title 3 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR) section 3443. Pursuant to 3 CCR §3443, any interested party or local entity may appeal a quarantine area designation.
Process to Appeal the Expanded Boundary
The appeal must be submitted to the Department in writing and supported by clear and convincing evidence. The appeal must be filed no later than ten (10) working days from the date of this notification. During the pending of the appeal, the designated quarantine boundary under appeal shall remain in effect.
Mail Appeals to: CDFA – Citrus Division 1220 N Street Sacramento, Calif. 95814
Electronic Notification of Boundary Changes
California Code of Regulation allows interested parties to be notified of quarantine area boundary changes, as well as the opportunity to submit quarantine boundary appeals. If interested in receiving notifications, please sign up for regulatory updates through the email notification at: https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/CADFA/subscriber/new
For questions regarding the regulations or map, email Raymond Niem (Raymond.Niem@CDFA.ca.gov) or call (916) 274-6300. — Story contributed by the California Department of Food and Agriculture
Effective June, the CDFA is expanding the sweet orange scab (SOS) quarantine boundary in the Artesia area of Los Angeles County and Buena Park area of Orange County (grids 470 and 471). A map of the new boundary can be found at https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/citrus/pests_diseases/sos/regulation.html.
Regulated articles and conditions for intrastate movement under the quarantine can be found at Title 3 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR) section 3443. Pursuant to 3 CCR §3443, any interested party or local entity may appeal a quarantine area designation.
Process to Appeal the Expanded Boundary
The appeal must be submitted to the Department in writing and supported by clear and convincing evidence. The appeal must be filed no later than 10 working days from the date of this notification. During the pending of the appeal, the designated quarantine boundary under appeal shall remain in effect.
Mail Appeals to: CDFA – Citrus Division 1220 N Street Sacramento, CA 95814
Electronic Notification of Boundary Changes
California Code of Regulation allows interested parties to be notified of quarantine area boundary changes, as well as the opportunity to submit quarantine boundary appeals. If interested in receiving notifications, please sign up for regulatory updates through the email notification at: https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/CADFA/subscriber/new
For questions regarding the regulations or map, email Raymond Niem (Raymond.Niem@cdfa.ca.gov) or call 916.274.6300. — Story contributed by the California Department of Food and Ag
California Citrus Mutual (CCM) and Citrus Research Board (CRB) voiced support for the House Committee on Appropriations for including additional funds in the FY 2027 Agriculture Appropriations bill for the citrus breeding program in Parlier.
Congress is allocating an additional $500,000 in federal funding, on top of the $1.5 million previously granted, to expand the program into California. If approved, the program will receive $2 million in federal funds annually, in addition to the funding it receives from CRB.
“CRB was instrumental in developing the concept for the California-based program and was also involved in efforts to establish the nationwide program, while CCM advocated to secure funding,” said CRB President Marcy Martin. “Our two organizations working together on behalf of the industry have been instrumental in getting this program off the ground.”
“I would like to thank our Appropriators and Committee leadership for their continued support of this vital program,” said CCM Director of Governmental Affairs Jacob Villagomez. “Finding solutions for California-specific growing patterns is an essential tool in fighting HLB for years to come.”
The California citrus breeding program will focus on fresh market citrus. Funding will go towards research and development of citrus selections suited to California growing regions, changing climatic pressures, consumer taste preferences and resistance to pests and diseases, such as huanglongbing.
The California program is an expansion of the existing national USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) citrus breeding program located in Fort Pierce, Florida, which is focused primarily on varieties optimized for Florida growing conditions. Work done through the Florida program has resulted in new varieties with higher yields, increased disease resistance, improved color, and a longer shelf life.
The Florida and California breeding programs, along with the continued support from the University of California citrus breeding program at UC Riverside, will work together to deliver results for California-based growers.
The California citrus breeding program is located at the USDA ARS field station in Parlier. Thanks to ongoing appropriations commitment, forward progress continues to be made with the addition of a dedicated scientist, completion of a greenhouse, and future plans for laboratory and office space, and hopefully securing additional ground for further expansion.
— Story contributed by California Citrus Mutual and Citrus Research Board
Farmer John Chandler lamented the loss of methyl bromide for replanting an orchard or vineyard. Photo credit: Diana Gutierrez
Andreas Westphal, scientist at Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center in the San Joaquin Valley, organized a soil plant pathology conference that was held late last month. Growers from as far away as Virginia came to learn about the latest research findings.
Chandler Farms
The first day of the conference was a field tour to three sites and then Kearney itself. After meeting at Kearney, the participants rode on a tour bus to Chandler Farms in Selma. John Chandler, his brother Tom and their father, Bill operate a diversified farm that includes almonds, grapes and citrus.
Soil Fumigants
The Chandlers typically change out one field per year. John lamented the loss of methyl bromide for replanting an orchard or vineyard. He now uses Telone, which he finds “has less effect but still works.”
He always contracts out his Telone application because it requires special training. He has the contractor put tarps over it, beyond the usual seal — to prevent off-gassing — but he says, “It’s not worth it to get acres of plastic.” The tarps add about $1000/acre to the cost.
Westphal explained, though, that Telone is becoming more difficult to use because of a new restriction in the amount of Telone allowed plus a requirement that the fumigant be applied with lots of water. The new regulations say that the soil has to be wet to 2 feet depth. If the soil is bone dry, three inches of water must be added within 72 hours before applying the fumigant.
However, the excess water makes it hard to get a tractor through the field. Also, the fumigant does not move well through water, as it is made to move through air. Lastly, the Telone stays in wet soil longer before vaporizing off, which may make it toxic to plants.
Nematodes
Chandler said that his farm has nematodes — the microscopic roundworms that feed on plant roots. His soil has root-knot, lesion, ring and citrus types of nematodes.
When he can afford it, he fallows the land for a year or two instead of fumigating, but he says that fumigation gives the plants the best chance to get started. Once the crop is established, he notes, there are few tools for nematode adjustment.
In his Ruby Red grape concentrate vineyard, Chandler finds that ring nematodes like the wettest part, whereas other types of nematodes prefer the edges, where they feed on the fresh, new roots. Ring nematodes, he finds, like pure sand, but root knot nematodes thrive most in clay soil with good secondary structure.
The tour participants had many more questions for Chandler, but to stay on schedule, Westphal guided everyone back onto the tour bus.
Burchell Nursery
The second stop was Burchell Nursery in Fowler, where Mauricio De Almeida led the group around the almond, stone fruit, citrus, pomegranate, and retail table grape plants.
What Is Eating the Plant Roots?
Almeida said that, as in all greenhouses, the water, heat and humidity may induce root rot and fungus gnats. The fungus gnat larvae eat soft tissue of the plant roots. The adults do not feed on plants.
Another larva that needs to be managed is that of the European pepper moth. The caterpillars girdle the plant stem below the soil line.
The root rot and insect pests occur even though the potting media — made of peat, bark, wood fiber and sometimes Perlite — comes pasteurized. The nursery uses Nemasys® beneficial nematodes to manage the larval insect pests.
Citrus
Almeida explained that Burchell Nursery started growing citrus in 2010. They grew the citrus indoors to protect the trees from the Asian citrus psyllid. Westphal remarked that if you grow bareroot trees in the field, the soil must be certified nematode-free or else the trees themselves must get tested for nematodes. He also said that you cannot fumigate after pulling up the plants because the fumigant would kill the tree.
Among other species, Burchell Nursery sells commercial almond trees, including some cultivars they developed themselves. Photo credit: Tiffany Baiocchi
Almonds
In almonds, Bright’s Hybrid 5, Hansen and Viking rootstocks and Shasta scions resist root-knot nematode. Viking and Shasta also tolerate ring nematodes. Bright’s Hybrid also has low susceptibility to root lesion nematodes. In susceptible varieties, root-lesion nematodes create lesions that can lead to secondary infections like bacterial canker.
The visitors got to see the Cornerstone cultivar of Prunus rootstock, developed by Burchell Nursery to resist the root knot nematodes Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita. Used as rootstock for almond and stone fruits, Cornerstone is also less sensitive to crown gall, caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Developed by Burchell Nursery, the Cornerstone cultivar of Prunus rootstock is resistant to the root knot nematodes Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita and less sensitive than other rootstocks to crown gall, caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Cornerstone can be used as rootstock for almond and stone fruits. Photo credit: Tiffany Baiocchi
Unfortunately, in both Kern and Merced counties (but not Fresno County where the tour took place), in 2018 a root-knot nematode from Florida, Meloidogyne floridensis, was found in almond trees on Hansen 536 and Bright’s Hybrid 5 rootstocks, where they caused growth decline of the trees. Now considered an A-rated (“highest concern”), quarantined pest in California, it has since been found in South Carolina and Georgia, after being endemic to Florida before 2018.
Levels of Plant Response to Pathogens
Plants can be divided into three groups of responses to nematodes and other pathogens: sensitive, tolerant and resistant. Tolerance allows for high nematode populations, which gives the nematodes more opportunity to have genetic mutations that enable them to overcome the plants’ resistance. Therefore, nematicides should be used in tolerant cultivars to limit the pest population.
Grapevines
In a vineyard section of the research fields, Westphal showed a poster of nematodes in the soil profile. Of the three types of nematodes represented, ring nematodes were found only in the top foot of soil.
By contrast, citrus and pin nematodes were found in each one-foot segment down to 4-5 feet, the deepest tested. The citrus nematode population peaked at 2-3’ depth and pin nematodes peaked at 3-4’ depth. The population of pin nematodes far exceeded those of ring and citrus nematodes at all depths. Fortunately, pin nematodes do not cause much economic damage in grapes.
Westphal also showed a poster of total sugar yield in 2025 of Pinot Gris cultivated on different rootstocks planted in 2023 in nematode-infested soil. The negative impact of nematodes was measured as sugar content of the fruit.
Of the seven commercial grapevine rootstocks tested, Freedom had the highest sugar content. An experimental rootstock had even higher sugar content. Serving as control groups, Chardonnay and Zinfandel rootstock had the lowest sugar content.
“On sensitive rootstock, even a few nematodes are bad,” Westphal remarked. About 85% of all new grapevine plantings are on Freedom rootstock. Freedom’s downside is susceptibility to quick decline, so the search continues for an even better rootstock.
In sugar beets, the exudate from plant roots helps nematodes find the roots. Westphal and colleagues are looking into the possibility of manipulating plants to exude different chemicals that do not attract nematodes.
Walnuts and Almonds
Walnuts are sensitive to some nematodes and resistant to others, but “every plant has its limits,” Westphal said. Walnut soil is treated pre-plant and at-plant at the planting site. Tank water is used to settle the tree in. Salibro® is added to the tank water to form a concentration that kills the nematodes but not the trees. Westphal cautioned growers to not overwater walnuts.
Among other things, Westphal is testing juice from walnut hulls to see if they inhibit nematodes. He noted that ASD (anaerobic soil disinfestation), created by applying nine tons of rice bran per acre, inhibited nematodes somewhat. However, it would not be worth the $6,000/acre price tag for growers.
Westphal is testing whether juice from walnut hulls can inhibit nematodes in almond orchards.
Highly resistant rootstocks can grow without fumigation, with less toxic, affordable nematicides applied. As with citrus, nursery trees must be grown in nematode-free soil, or the trees must be certified before leaving the premises.
Westphal showed the tour participants an almond rootstock test orchard, in which nematode resistance is compared among various commercial and experimental rootstocks. Only the most successful experimental rootstocks make it to the next round of trials, along with the commercial ones for comparison.
Westphal then concluded the field tour. The conference continued in an indoor classroom on the following two days.
