Tag: Walnuts

  • California Walnut Commission Voices Support for ASCF

    The California Walnut Commission issued a statement voicing its support for the Assistance for Specialty Crops Farmers (ACSF) program. The program was announced May 29, offering $1.6 billion in federal assistance and relief to growers of specialty crops. This includes tree nuts like walnuts, almonds and pistachios.

    “The California Walnut Commission extends its appreciation to U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Brooke Rollins, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Farm Service Agency (FSA) staff for the announcement and implementation of payment rates and the enrollment period for the ASCF program.

    In response to elevated input costs and market disruptions that impede specialty crop exports, USDA will issue $1.625 billion in payments to eligible specialty crop producers. Eligible walnut growers will be able to receive payments at a rate of $225 per acre based on their 2025 crop acreage report. This new funding will help walnut growers, many from multi-generational family farms, offset high production costs and ongoing market disruptions due to tariffs in key markets.

    ‘Walnut growers are in full swing nurturing this year’s crop, which just finished the bloom and nut set start of the crop year,’ said Bill Carriere, vice chairman of the California Walnut Commission. ‘This additional financial support will be utilized to lower input costs and improve our competitiveness abroad.’

    We thank Secretary Rollins and USDA for their continued commitment to supporting specialty crop producers, including California walnut growers, to strengthen the competitiveness of American agriculture at home and abroad.”

  • California Walnut Commission Applauds Emphasis on Nuts in New Dietary Guidelines for Americans

    There is good news for walnuts in the newly released 2025-2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs), which emphasize “real”, nutrient-dense foods — including nuts — as the foundation of a healthy diet.

    The DGAs recognize nuts as a source of plant-based protein and emphasize consumption of healthy fats found in whole foods across multiple age groups and life-stages, and the accompanying report features walnuts on their list of “rich sources of [omega-3] ALA[1].” In addition, for the first time, walnuts are clearly represented in the new food pyramid.

    Further, within a 2,000-calorie diet, the DGAs recommend one ounce of nuts or seeds and two tablespoons of nut or seed butter as part of the three to four daily servings of protein foods. The DGAs also recommend introducing potentially allergenic foods —including nut butters—with other complementary foods to infants at about 6 months.

    “This marks an important step in gaining broader recognition that walnuts, as a healthy and real food, should be part of our daily lifestyle,” said Robert Verloop, CEO of the California Walnut Commission (CWC). “It also is a testament to the 30 years of investment in sound, scientific health and nutrition research by the California walnut industry.”

    While the new DGAs were under development, the CWC leveraged the over 240 published research studies to submit comments and provide evidence showcasing how walnuts can be included in healthy dietary patterns. The CWC continues to support new research in areas such as gut health, sleep and cognitive function, alongside continued investment in heart and metabolic health.

    “Through CWC’s Global Health Research Program, we’re fueling science that speaks to health and wellness, and supporting researchers exploring the topics that truly matter to consumers,” said Rachel Blaine, CWC scientific advisor. “By advancing evidence in these areas, we’re showcasing how walnuts can power overall well-being and inspire people everywhere to make walnuts a delicious part of their daily routine.”

    The DGAs also highlight a broader commitment to American agriculture. “We are realigning our food system to support American farmers, ranchers and companies who grow and produce real food,” according to the DGAs.

    For more information on the 2025-2030 DGAs, visit realfood.gov. For more information about the California Walnut  Commission and its programs, visit walnuts.org.

    About the California Walnut Commission

    The California Walnut Commission (CWC) represents more than 3,700 California walnut growers and approximately 70 handlers, grown in multi-generational farmers’ family orchards. California walnuts, known for their excellent nutritional value and quality, are shipped around the world all year long, with more than 99% of the walnuts grown in the United States being from California. The CWC, established in 1987, promotes usage of walnuts through domestic and export market development activities as well as supports health research with consuming walnuts.

    To explore recipes and learn more about California walnut growers, industry information and health research, visit walnuts.org.

    [1] One ounce of walnuts provides 18g of total fat, 2.5g of monounsaturated fat, 13g of polyunsaturated fat, including 2.5g of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the plant-based omega-3.

  • WWII Veteran & San Joaquin Valley Wine Grape Grower Passes at 98

    Sam Paregian was born on August 2, 1927 in Philadelphia to John and Bertha Paregian. He was the middle child and had an older sister, Agnes and younger brother Abe.

    His father, John,  connected with some of their relatives who had already come to Fresno, California and established themselves in farming. With the intention of providing a better life for his young family, John closed his grocery store in Philadelphia and headed to Fresno ahead of his family to get established. In 1940 he sent for his wife and children who traveled by train to join him. John built Penn Market right next door to their family home and Sam worked at his dad’s market after school and on weekends while he was in high school. Later he worked at Pep Boys, Earl Scheib sanding cars.

    After graduating from Roosevelt High school Sam enlisted in the Navy during the tail end of  World War II and was stationed in the South Pacific. He never saw action, but wished he had.

    After being honorably discharged he returned to Fresno and once again worked at the family’s grocery store while earning a Bachelor’s degree at Fresno State. He paid for college by raising two thousand laying hens for egg production. He teamed up with a college classmate to cleverly design chicken houses with a unique system that allowed the hens to be raised up and the eggs to roll down for collection.  Additionally, in the evenings he worked as a night watchman.

    Despite the fact his parents could afford to pay for his education Sam chose to work to cover his expenses and contribute to the family.  He felt that his parents worked hard, provided and encouraged him, and he wanted to do his part

    After graduating from Fresno State he attended UCSF School of Dentistry from 1951-1955 in San Francisco. While in school he worked at the US Post Office during Christmas break, helped his brother-in-law as a surveyor, and worked at a research and hepatitis lab.

    After graduation he enlisted in the Air Force but was waitlisted so he went to work in Los Angeles at what was then called an “Advertising Dentist” and gained invaluable experience with dental surgery.

    In the Air Force he was promoted to captain and continued to practice dentistry in Guam for two years before opening his own dental practice in Fresno, and then another practice with a partner.  Realizing there was an overabundance of dentists already established in Fresno, he closed his practice and went back to school to pursue a master’s degree in orthodontics at Fairleigh Dickinson University in Hackensack, New Jersey.

    During his final semester he sent for Geraldine whom he had met through relatives previously and later worked for him at the dental office. Later they were married at St. Thomas Armenian Church in Tenafly, New Jersey. During this time Geraldine helped Sam by typing his thesis paper and providing support.

    The young couple settled in Modesto as Sam was part of an invitation-only Gnathology study group whose dentists had encouraged him to bring his level of skills to a region that had very few Orthodontists.

    In downtown Modesto Sam opened his first Orthodontic office, then later in a popular outdoor shopping center called McHenry Village.  Sam worked hard but building a practice took time. While he was building his practice he had the privilege of working with an experienced orthodontist by the name of Dr. Benjamin Ichinose in San Francisco, who also served as his mentor.

    From Sam’s early days in Fresno working with his father, he knew he wanted to be a farmer too someday. He bought his first property with a small home on the outskirts of town, and soon after bought a second property on the same road, ultimately making farming his fall back career.  With his growing family they moved to his current home a few years later on Patterson road.

    Sam grew wine grapes, walnuts and almonds commercially and grew dozens of other fruits and vegetables for distribution for family and friends.

    At this point farming and orthodontics were intertwined in his daily life, and he started and ended each day farming. The balance and challenges of both occupations he found satisfying and rewarding.

    He went on to open McHenry Village Dental Service which was a dental clinic and a new concept at the time. He was also a partner in a Dental Insurance company.

    Sam was committed to working with patients, many of which were multi-generational.  He continued to take professional development courses to keep current with the latest orthodontic practices.

    His passions were far and wide.  Dentistry, farming, land development, coming up with new innovative products, learning new skills, repairing or restoring everything from cars, to daughter Sherrie’s shoes.  “If in doubt, ask Dad.”

    With everything he pursued he approached it with perfection even in his last days. He was also an inspiration to many whether it was a long time relationship or a first time meeting. His life’s motto: “Nothing Ventured, Nothing Gained.”

    As a Christian we take comfort in knowing that he is reunited with his beloved parents, siblings and relatives.

    Sam is survived by Geraldine Paregian, daughters: Keely, Sherrie and Michelle, grandchildren: Dmitri and Athena, Margie Paregian, the Morjig, Devletian and Tascian families and countless friends and colleagues who considered him a part of their family.

    To send a flower arrangement in memory of Sam Paregian, please click here. — Article courtesy of Farewell Funeral Service

  • California Walnut Board & Commission Target Young Shoppers with New ‘Feel Good’ Campaign

    California walnuts are shedding their traditional image and emerging as a must-have ingredient for health-conscious young consumers. The California Walnut Board & Commission has launched its bold new “Feel Good” campaign – an integrated marketing effort designed to drive consumer demand and reposition walnuts as a vibrant, versatile offering within the fresh produce space.

    Grounded in extensive consumer research, the campaign introduces a modern, energetic look and feel designed to connect with millennials and Gen Z audiences, demographics that increasingly shape food trends and purchasing behaviors. At its core, “California Walnuts. Feel Good.” reintroduces walnuts as a fresh, versatile produce item that supports feel-good eating moments across consumers’ lifestyles.

    “This isn’t just a new marketing campaign – it’s a complete repositioning of California walnuts for a new generation of consumers who prioritize nutrition and versatility in their food choices,” said Christine Lott, director of integrated communications for the California Walnut Board & Commission. “By reaching younger consumers, we’re building future generations of walnut consumers and supporting California farmers for decades to come.”

    The cornerstone of the campaign is relationships with social media influencers. With 77% of Gen Z and 50% of millennials following social media personalities who strongly shape their purchasing decisions, according to KS&R Entercom Landscape Tracker, this strategy is intended to reach consumers where they spend their time: social media. As part of the campaign, the California Walnut Board & Commission is partnering with more than 20 cooking, wellness, lifestyle and hosting influencers who collectively reach millions of potential consumers.

    The California Walnut Board & Commission will also showcase trend-driven, authentic content designed to resonate with younger consumers. Paid media efforts will extend the campaign’s reach across social platforms, streaming services and online video – channels where these shoppers spend their time.

    Beyond digital, the campaign includes experiential marketing with sampling at wellness events nationwide, allowing potential consumers to taste and experience the convenience and versatility of California walnuts in environments that reflect their values and lifestyles.

    Discover recipes, industry insights and the latest on California walnuts at walnuts.org.

    About the California Walnut Board and Commission

    The California Walnut Board (CWB) and California Walnut Commission (CWC) represent more than 3,700 California walnut growers and approximately 70 handlers, grown in multi-generational farmers’ family orchards. California walnuts, known for their excellent nutritional value and quality, are shipped around the world all year long, with more than 99% of the walnuts grown in the United States being from California.

    The CWB, established in 1948, promotes usage of walnuts in the United States through publicity and educational programs. The CWB also provides funding for walnut production, food safety and post-harvest research. The CWC, established in 1987, is involved in health research with consuming walnuts as well as domestic and export market development activities.

    To explore recipes and learn more about California walnut growers, industry information and health research, visit walnuts.org.

  • Nuts for Calories!

    Beltsville, Maryland, (March 30, 2018) – Not all of nuts’ calories are taken up by the human body; on some of them, the body gets a free pass, according to studies by Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists.

    ARS scientists have shown that some tree nuts, such as pistachios, actually have fewer calories than previously thought by improving the method used for estimating calories.

    Physiologists David Baer and Janet Novotny, with ARS’s Food Components and Health Laboratory in Beltsville, Maryland, recently looked at how many of an almond’s, walnut’s, and pistachio’s calories can actually be used by the human body rather than how many calories are in each nut.

    For example, while an ounce of almonds has approximately 160 calories, not all of those calories may be available to be used by the human body. When food is eaten, it is broken down into its nutritional components, and its calories are burned for energy. However, just because nutrients are present doesn’t mean the body will readily use them. This is the concept of “bioavailability.”

    Many factors beyond a food’s basic composition can influence the bioavailability of its calories. With nuts, that includes whether they are raw, roasted, or ground, and even how well they are chewed.

    Nutrition is an integral component of one’s lifestyle—either in a positive or negative way. Over the years, nutrition science has become more sophisticated, and research by ARS scientists is showing that counting calories isn’t always as simple as it may seem.

    In their studies, Baer and Novotny found the calorie uptake from pistachios was 22.6 calories per gram, which is 5 percent less than the currently accepted 23.7 calories per gram. An ounce of pistachios has 161.9 calories, but only 153.8 calories are bioavailable. That may not sound like a lot, but a calorie reduction of 5 percent can be quite significant on a daily basis.

    Providing accurate information about metabolizable energy (ME) content-calories-of foods is important for reliable food labeling and has health ramifications, according to Novotny.

    In a study of walnuts, the team found an even greater discrepancy between what is reported on the label and the ME value. They found that a 1-ounce serving of walnuts contained 146 calories, which is 39 calories—21 percent—less than the label, according to Baer.

    Baer and his colleagues also looked at almonds, and here, too, found the trend continued. Almonds were found to have 32 percent fewer calories of ME than what is on the label: 129 calories instead of 168-170 calories.

  • Sutter-Yuba-Colusa Counties – Walnut Day

    Yuba City, Calif., (February 8, 2018) – Mark the date on your calendar for the Annual Walnut Day for Sutter, Yuba, and Colusa counties to be held Thursday February 22, 2018. Topics include: 2017 flood damage and recovery; walnut tree growth characteristics; rootstocks; thousand cankers disease; laws & regs; California Walnut Board activities.

    The event is sponsored by: University of California Cooperative Extension, Sutter/Yuba/Colusa Counties and Co-Sponsored by: Sutter County Agricultural Department.

    2.0 hours PCA credit (.5 is Laws) approved and 2.5 hours CCA approved

    For more information, please see the Pacific Nut Producer Industry Calendar

     

  • Almond and Walnut Pest Management Guidelines Revised Just in Time for the Holidays

    Davis, Calif., (December 27, 2017) – ‘Tis the season for baking lots of tasty treats. Breads, cookies, cakes, and candy are just a few that come to mind. What makes many of these treats so tasty is the addition of almonds or walnuts to the list of ingredients.

    California is the top almond producer in the world, accounting for about 80% of all almonds grown. (Photo: Jack Kelly Clark)

    In California, we are lucky to be at the center of almond and walnut production. According to the California Department of Food and Agriculture’s (CDFA’s) latest Agricultural Statistics Review, more than 99 percent of the almonds and walnuts produced in the United States are grown in California.

    Almond and walnut growers work tirelessly to supply enough nuts to not only satisfy domestic demand, but also for export. Worldwide, almonds rank as the largest specialty crop export. California is the top almond producer in the world, accounting for about 80 percent of all almonds grown. For walnuts, California ranks as the second largest producer in the world. To keep up with this demand, almond and walnut growers must be constantly aware of pests, diseases, and abiotic problems that can affect the tree and growing nuts.

    The University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program (UC IPM) has recently published revised Pest Management Guidelines for almonds and walnuts, helping growers prevent and manage pest problems with the most up-to-date information.

    Bacterial spot on almond, a new disease of almond in California. (Photo: Brent A. Holtz)

    Revisions in the Almond Pest Management Guidelines include:

    • A new section on bacterial spot, a new disease of almond in California found in the Sacramento and northern San Joaquin valleys
    • A renamed section on fruit russeting, revised from the old powdery mildew section
    • Significant revisions made to the management section of navel orangeworm, one of the major pests attacking California almonds
    • Improvements on how to do dormant spur sampling section with easier-to-understand information on monitoring and thresholds
    • Revisions in the Walnut Pest Management Guidelines include:
    • Updated information on the association between walnut twig beetle and thousand cankers disease
    • New sections for Botryosphaeria and Phomopsis cankers, branch wilt, and paradox canker
    • Significant changes to the walnut husk fly management section
    Male (left) and female walnut twig beetles. (Photo: Larry L. Strand)

    Both the almond and walnut revised Pest Management Guidelines also include updated information on fungicide efficacy, weed management, and vertebrate management.

    Authored by University of California specialists and advisors, the Pest Management Guidelines are UC’s official guidelines for monitoring and managing pests in California crops. For more information on pest management in these or other crops, visit the UC IPM website.

  • A Faster, Less Costly Way to Process Walnuts

    Albany, Calif., (August 21, 2017) – The popularity of walnuts is growing among health-conscious consumers, but processing these nutrient-vitamin-rich nuts could use some tweaking. Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists have developed a method that uses infrared technology to improve commercial processing, particularly drying, to reduce energy costs and deliver high-quality products.

    Walnut drying is expensive and energy intensive, according to ARS engineer Zhongli Pan in Albany, California. The current hot-air drying method takes more than 24 hours to dry walnuts and uses a significant amount of natural gas and electricity. Infrared—a form of intense light that’s felt, but not seen—dries walnuts faster and is less expensive. It’s a type of electromagnetic radiation—as are radio waves, ultraviolent radiation, X-rays and microwaves.

    The new drying process, developed by Pan and his team at ARS’s Western Regional Research Center, includes three new steps: Hulled, in-shell walnuts are separated into two groups with different moisture contents; then pre-dried with infrared heating; and followed with regular hot air drying.

    In experiments, the new process saved up to 25 percent of the natural gas and electricity needed to dry walnuts, according to Pan. In addition, the infrared drying process quickly removed moisture from the surface and shell of walnuts, reducing total drying time by 35 percent.

    Walnuts have a broad range of moisture contents and get wet after washing, according to Pan. Currently they are hot-air dried for the same amount of time. This can cause under-drying or over-drying.

    When the moisture content is too high, it causes mold, so facilities tend to over-dry walnuts to make sure they are safe to eat, Pan stated. But over-drying wastes a lot of energy and reduces walnut quality. Infrared drying improves quality by reducing both over-drying and under-drying, allowing walnut meat to maintain color and an exceptional polyunsaturated fat content.

    This new infrared drying method also may be practical for other types of nuts, such as pistachios, according to Pan.

    Read more about this research in the August 2017 issue of AgResearch magazine.

    For more information contact Sandra Avant, ARS Office of Communications.

     

     

  • USDA California Crop/Weather Report

    Sacramento, Calif., (August 1, 2017) – The weather last week was hot and dry across the State. The summer monsoon across the southwest desert helped trigger some showers across the deserts last week, while additional pockets of moisture found their way into the Sierras and managed to produce a few scattered showers throughout the week. Rainfall was limited to Monday through Thursday across the interior deserts and parts of the central and northern Sierras. A few monsoon showers and thunderstorms dropped up to half an inch of rain in places across the desert, with most areas receiving around a tenth of an inch. A stray thunderstorm near Alturas in the northeastern corner of the State dropped nearly half an inch of rain. Snow cover continued to dissipate across the State; however, some areas of the Lassen Volcanic National Park still had nearly ten feet of snow in some areas.

    Temperature highs were in the 60s to 80s along the coast, 70s to 90s in the mountains, 90s to 100s, in the valley, and 90s to 110s in the desert. Temperature lows were in the 30s to 50s in the mountains, 50s to 60s along the coast, 60s to 70s in the valley, and 60s to 80s in the desert.

    Wheat was harvested for grain and shaft baled for straw. Alfalfa fields were being irrigated, cut, and baled. Corn and sorghum for silage were cultivated and irrigated. The corn silage crop was in various stages of development, from already tasseling to developing ears. Cotton continued to be irrigated, cultivated, and was growing well. Cotton was blooming and forming bolls. Black-eyed beans continued to be irrigated and cultivated.

    Mid-season peach, nectarine, pluot, and plum harvest continued.  Some harvested stone fruit orchards were pruned and topped. Table grapes were harvested and vineyards irrigated. Wine grapes were maturing well.  Valencia orange harvest continued but was winding down due to high temperatures and fruit availability.

    Walnut, almond, and pistachio orchards continued to be irrigated. Mechanical and chemical weed control continued in orchards.  Harvest preparation was underway in almond orchards. Almond harvest began in the warmer regions of Kern County. Pistachios were beginning to split. Navel Orange Worm sprays and fertilizers were applied to pistachios. Walnuts were sizing well.

    In Colusa County, triple digit heat impacted the harvest of vegetables, including processing tomatoes and honeydew melons.  The processing tomato harvest was somewhat erratic, interrupting the smooth flow of ripe tomatoes to the canneries.    The melon packing sheds were affected by the inconsistent flow of fruit.  In San Joaquin County, harvest was ongoing for honeydew melons, watermelons, cantaloupes, onions, and fresh vegetable crops.  Farmers’ Market vegetables continued to be harvested and offered for sale.   In Monterey County, mid-year harvest and production slowed for two weeks.  It was expected to pick back up with more harvesting and preparation for the third or last rotation of the year.  All commodities, lettuces, brassicas, and spinach were in production.  Asparagus was finished and artichokes will pick up again in August.  In Fresno County, harvest continued for both organic and conventional tomatoes with lower yields than expected.  Quality was reported as very good.  Onions, carrots, and lettuce seed were harvested.  Soil was prepared for yellow peppers.  In Tulare County, tomatoes, cucumbers, squash, and peppers were picked by certified producers and sold at the local Farmers’ Markets.  Yellow squash, zucchini, eggplant, Bell peppers, green chili peppers, and cucumbers were harvested and shipped domestically.  Sweet corn harvest continued and was sold at roadside stands and local Farmers’ Markets.  Melons were irrigated and prepared for the upcoming harvest.  In Kings County, the tomato harvest continued with a decent harvest reported.  Tomatoes were sprayed with fungicide and pesticide.

    The decline in nutritional quality of rangeland grasses and forbs continued. Range and dryland pasture conditions across the state were reported as fair to very poor. Wildland fires burned some north state pastures and ranges.  Elevated temperatures continued to impact milk production. Bees were active in melon and sunflower fields.

  • Insect and Mite Updates – 2017

    Sacramento, Calif., (June 28, 2017) – The impacts of such an unusually wet winter and prolonged spring rain events on insect and mite activity are still developing. This article summarizes some notable observations thus far and specific pest management considerations as we move into summer.

    The first codling moth biofix generally ranged from early- to mid-April in 2017 in the Sacramento Valley (many of the same orchards observed first biofix in late March the previous two years). As this goes to print, we are nearing 1060 degree days (DD) in most blocks and are on the lookout for the second biofix. The first codling moth flight this year (1A and 1B peaks) were reported to be quite high in many orchards throughout the region, and applications targeting one or both of these flight peaks were common. Keep in mind that a good codling moth program can help minimize early-season infestation by navel orangeworm, so keep a close eye on your trap counts and the numbers of codling moth-infested dropped nuts in your orchards.

    Although wet winters can cause increased overwintering mortality of navel orangeworm, significant survival was apparent in walnut mummies examined this spring (March 2017). Bear in mind that your neighbors may not have been able to execute their normal NOW sanitation programs last winter either, and these may be a source of populations moving into your orchard as the season progresses (in addition to any carry-over populations you may have in your orchard). Prior to husk split, NOW will go back into mummies and into this-season’s damaged nuts (codling moth-infested and blighted nuts).

    Significant populations of frosted scale were evident in a number of orchards throughout the Sacramento Valley this year. It is not entirely clear why this pest, which it typically present only at low levels, has increased so dramatically in recent years. Research is underway examining this phenomenon, as well as best practices and timings for effective population reduction. Frosted scale produces honeydew when feeding (walnut scale does not). This favors growth of

    sooty mold, which increases the chances for sunburn damage, so keep an eye on this if your orchard was heavily impacted by frosted scale this spring. Frequent rains throughout winter and early spring limited the ability for many growers to get into the orchards to apply dormant/delayed-dormant scale treatments, necessitating applications targeting the spring crawler stage. Crawler emergence was observed late in the second week of May 2017 (compared to the first week of May 2015 and last week of April 2016), with peak crawler activity noted approximately two weeks later. This highlights the importance of monitoring the populations, rather than applying treatments based on “typical” calendar timing (which would have been too early this year to target peak crawler activity). Our research trials this year are examining efficacy of different treatment materials and timings specifically for frosted scale (walnut scale has been the focus of research in recent years). If treatments were applied for frosted scale (either dormant/delayed-dormant or crawler), monitor the populations next dormant period looking for the overwintering nymphs (photos and more information at ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/r881300111.html). Frosted scale has only one generation per year, so the effects of this season’s spray program will be best observed at this time, and as next spring’s populations begin to develop.

    Conversely, walnut scale populations have dropped off in many orchards, likely due to effective management programs over the past few years. We observed walnut scale crawler emergence during the last week of May 2017 (compared to first and second weeks of May in 2015 and 2016, respectively). Another reminder the importance that treatment timings should be supported by field observations of pest activity each year.

    Walnut husk fly traps just beginning to hit the week of June 5 in Butte and Sutter counties. No activity noted as of that time in our trapping locations in Tehama county. Remember that WHF treatment decisions should be made on a site-specific basis and take the time to hang traps high in the tree canopy – this will provide better accuracy in detecting activity. If trapping indicates the presence of treatable WHF populations, all insecticides should be applied with a bait (i.e., molasses, Nu-Lure®, Monterey Insect Bait®). The exception is GF-120 which contains its own bait. For low- to moderate-populations, coverage is not critical and low-volume and/or partial coverage applications (e.g., alternate row) of bait with insecticide can be effective. However, in high population orchards with extensive previous damage, high-volume, full coverage, and/or multiple applications of bait with insecticide may be necessary to achieve adequate control. If you miss a timing and are observing fresh stings, full cover neonicotinoids that have some ovicidal (egg-killing) activity mixed with an adulticide will provide partial control of eggs if applied immediately after stings are observed. Generally, a short-residual insecticide-plus-attractant will kill walnut husk fly for 10 days. With the egg development period added to this time, there is about 3 weeks of protection after an application (GF-120 treatments often must be applied more frequently).

    Spider mite activity remains low at press time, but will likely begin to pick up with sustained warmer temperatures. Prophylactic May applications of abamectin, while still favored by many almond producers, have shown to be less effective and economically-viable in most walnut orchard situations. Treatments should be based on thresholds of spider mites and their natural enemies (particularly predator mites and sixspotted thrips). In general, the goal is to manage the ratio of predators-to-spider mites (not just spider mite numbers alone) to achieve a balance in which predators can provide free control services. Also consider the impacts of other pesticides on spider mite and predator populations (organophosphates and pyrethroids are highly detrimental to spider mite natural enemies and often result in spider mite flare-ups). More information on treatment thresholds for mites and predators in walnuts is available at: ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/r881400111.html. Best practices for getting the most out of your miticide in walnuts include choosing the right material for the job (i.e., those softer on predators if they are present, desired residual activity and pre-harvest intervals, quick and effective knock-down if needed, etc.) and obtaining optimal coverage (high volume, slow speed).