California Avocado Commission — The National Weather Service has issued excessive heat and elevated wildfire risk warnings in California this week beginning Tuesday, July 6 through Sunday, July 11. The conditions will pose a high risk for heat-related illnesses with possible record temperatures for the Antelope Valley area of Southern CA and brief critical fire weather conditions for the interior region. There also is a slight change of monsoonal thunderstorms and dry lightning from Wednesday through Sunday in the interior regions of Southern CA, most notably the mountain and desert areas.
From Tuesday, July 6 through Thursday, July 8, the NWS notes there will be widespread highs of 95˚F – 105˚F in the inland valleys, mountains and deserts with warm overnight lows (about 70˚F) in the foothills and deserts. These conditions will pose a high risk of heat-related illnesses for those who work outdoors. During this same timeframe, humidities will lower to 5% – 15% and winds may gust from 25 – 45 mph during the afternoon and evening. The strongest gusts are predicted for the Antelope Valley and Santa Ynez Range. These high winds, low humidities and abnormally dry fuels will lead to elevated critical fire weather conditions over the mountains and interior valleys.
From Friday, July 9 through Sunday, July 11, NSW predicts very hot conditions with temperatures ranging between 105˚F – 112˚F in the interior areas and Antelope Valley. Overnight lows will be in the mid to upper 70s in the deserts. Low humidities (5% – 15%) and gusty winds will continue the brief critical fire conditions in the mountains, deserts and inland valleys of this region.
Employers should take special precautions to prevent heat-related illnesses from occurring. It’s important to provide ample water, provide shade and frequent rest breaks, and ensure supervisors and employees are aware of heat illness symptoms and those that require immediate medical attention. For more information, read “Reduce heat illness risk for employees” on the California avocado growers website.
To ensure California avocados maintain their superior quality it is imperative growers manage their trees and harvest their fruit according to best management practices as outlined below.
IRRIGATION Growers should be irrigating their trees now, in advance of the heat, to ensure their trees are fully hydrated. It is recommended that an additional 50% of the budgeted amount of water be applied the day before a heat wave. For extended heat waves, daily pulses of irrigation are recommended to maintain the trees’ water status. A well-watered tree will tolerate the stress of a heat wave much better than a tree that is suffering from water stress. Signs of heat damage to trees include fruit drop, shoot damage, leaf burn and in severe cases leaf drop.
HARVESTING
Every attempt should be made to harvest fruit when temperatures are below 90 °F, and no harvesting should take place when temperatures exceed 95 °F. Temperature in the shade should be monitored during harvesting and, when possible, harvesting crews should be moved to the coolest, least exposed areas of the grove.
Field bins should be placed under the trees while being filled to protect the harvested fruit from sunburn. Once filled, bins should be moved to a shade structure (open-sided roofed building), or covered with bin covers or light-colored tarps if they cannot be immediately transported to the packinghouse. Never leave filled bins exposed to the direct sun. The surface layer of fruit can easily heat up to more than 15 °F above ambient temperature when exposed to direct sun. Acute sunburn will only show on fruit after it is packed and is a major quality detractor.
To avoid water loss and decreased fruit quality do not hold fruit too long after harvest. Transport fruit to the packinghouse at least once per day, if not twice daily. Bins should not be left in the grove for more than 8 hours after harvest. Cover bins during transport to avoid sunburn and to reduce water loss.
For more information about managing heat in avocado groves, growers can view the following articles on the California avocado growers’ website:
Temperatures are finally cooling down a bit, but it’s important to remember that as temperatures rise above 80 degrees Fahrenheit (day or night), there are laws and regulations growers and farm labor contractors must abide by as farm employees labor out in the vineyard. This was shared by Jack Passarella from The Zenith at a recent Sun-Maid grower grower meeting in Selma. Watch this brief video with Jack, and read more about heat illness prevention Here.
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By Anna Genasci, QAL, Assistant Director of Education, AgSafe
Don’t be fooled by end of the summer cooler temperatures. Harvest is still underway for many ag commodities, and heat stress is still a major concern for our farm employees. It is important to understand not only the precautions to take to keep employees safe while working in the heat, but also the elements of compliance.
According to the Division of Occupational Safety and Health, Cal/OSHA, their most frequently cited violations in agriculture under the Heat Illness Prevention Standard are failure to have a heat illness prevention plan in the field, a lack of heat illness prevention training, and a failure to provide adequate shade and water. If that’s the case, it begs the question of what exactly does the standard require?
#1 Heat Illness Prevention Plan:
A company needs to have a written Heat Illness Prevention Plan with the following elements, and include specific details as to how you will ensure that the provisions are met:
The designated person(s) that have the authority and responsibility for implementing the plan in the field
Procedures for providing sufficient water
Procedures for providing access to shade
High-heat procedures
Emergency response procedures
Don’t forget your lone workers (g.irrigators)
Acclimatization methods and procedures
When drafting your plan, it is important to consider the size of your crew, the length of the work day, the ambient temperatures, and any additional personal protective equipment (PPE) that contributes as an additional source of heat. The plan needs to be in English and also the language understood by the majority of the employees and must be located at the worksite and accessible to employees.
#2 Heat Illness Prevention Training Topics:
Employee training needs to be done before an employee begins work, which could result in the risk of heat illness. Training should cover the following information:
The environmental and personal risk factors for heat illness, as well as the added burden of heat load on the body caused by exertion, clothing, and personal protective equipment.
The employer’s procedures for complying with the requirements including the employer’s responsibility to provide water, shade, cool-down rests, and access to first aid as well as the employees’ right to exercise their rights.
The importance of frequent consumption of small quantities of water throughout the workday.
The concept, importance and methods of acclimatization.
The different types of heat illness, the common signs and symptoms of heat illness, and appropriate first aid and emergency responses to the different types of heat illness, and that heat illness may progress quickly from mild symptoms to serious and life-threatening illness.
The importance to employees of immediately reporting to the employer, directly or through the employee’s supervisor, signs or symptoms of heat illness experienced by themselves or their co-workers.
The employer’s procedures for responding to signs or symptoms of possible heat illness, including how emergency medical services will be provided should they become necessary.
The employer’s procedures for contacting emergency medical services, and when necessary transporting employees to a point where they can be reached by an emergency medical service provider.
The employer’s procedures for ensuring that, in the event of an emergency, clear and precise directions to the work site can and will be provided as needed to emergency responders. These procedures shall include designating a person to be available to ensure that emergency procedures are initiated when appropriate.
Training must include the different types of heat illness, the common signs and symptoms of heat illness, and appropriate first aid and emergency responses to the different types of heat illness, and that heat illness may progress quickly from mild symptoms to serious and life threatening illness.
Supervisor training needs to be completed prior to supervising employees and include the following topics:
All of the topics covered during employee training.
The procedures the supervisor is to follow to implement the heat illness prevention plan procedures.
The protocol a supervisor is to follow when an employee exhibits signs or reports symptoms consistent with possible heat illness, including emergency response procedures.
How to monitor weather reports and how to respond to hot weather advisories.
#3 Adequate Shade and Water:
The amount of shade present shall be at least enough to accommodate the number of employees on recovery or rest periods, so that they can sit in a normal posture fully in the shade without having to be in physical contact with each other.
Shade
Adequate shade means blockage of direct sunlight. One indicator that blockage is sufficient is when objects do not cast a shadow in the area of blocked sunlight. Shade is not adequate when heat in the area of shade defeats the purpose of shade, which is to allow the body to cool. For example, a car sitting in the sun does not provide acceptable shade to a person inside it, unless the car is running with air conditioning. Shade may be provided by any natural or artificial means that does not expose employees to unsafe or unhealthy conditions and that does not deter or discourage access or use.
Shade needs to available when the temperature exceeds 80-degrees Fahrenheit. How do you know when temperatures hit 80 degrees? Cal/OSHA urges employers to not rely on your cell phone because it does not reflect the site-specific temperatures. The best practice is to invest in and daily use an outdoor thermometer.
The amount of shade present shall be at least enough to accommodate the number of employees on recovery or rest periods, so that they can sit in a normal posture fully in the shade without having to be in physical contact with each other. The shade shall be located as close as practicable to the areas where employees are working. Shade also needs to be available, even when the temperature does not exceed 80-degrees Fahrenheit, upon employee request.
Water
Employees shall have access to potable drinking water. It must be fresh, pure, suitably cool, and provided to employees free of charge. The water shall be located as close as practicable to the areas where employees are working. Where drinking water is not plumbed or otherwise continuously supplied, it shall be provided in a sufficient quantity at the beginning of the work shift to provide one quart per employee per hour for drinking for the entire shift. Employers may begin the shift with smaller quantities of water if they have effective procedures for replenishment during the shift as needed to allow employees to drink one quart or more per hour.
Indoor Heat Illness Prevention Standard on the Horizon
In 2016 the legislature passed and Governor Brown signed into Senate Bill 1167 which directed Cal/OSHA to propose a heat illness and injury prevention standard applicable to employees working in indoor places of employment. The agency has until January 1, 2019 to develop the proposed standard to be sent to the Cal/OSHA Standards Board for regulatory review and possible adoption. As is its practice, in February 2017 Cal/OSHA assembled an Advisory Committee to allow all impacted stakeholders to provide input into the crafting of the proposed standard.
The Advisory Committee has met multiple times since its formation, allowing Cal/OSHA staff to produce draft text of the standard. On May 16, 2018 the most current version of the proposed language was made available for public comment, which closed on June 7, 2018. The agency anticipates releasing the next draft version in late summer/early fall, reflecting the latest round of feedback.
In summary, the most current version of the draft language addresses the issue of mitigating heat illness in indoor places of employment, including agriculture as follows:
Applies to all indoor work areas regardless of industry when workers wear clothing that restricts heat removal and the temperatures equal or exceed 80 degrees Fahrenheit.
Applies to all other indoor work areas not previously mentioned where temperatures equal or exceed 85-degrees Fahrenheit when employees are present.
Similar to the outdoor heat illness prevention standard:
Provide fresh, pure, suitably cool water at no cost, located as close as practicable to employees
Maintain at least 1 cool-down area at all times with enough space to accommodate all employees on break, sitting in normal posture without touching one another
Provide appropriate first aid/emergency response if employee exhibits signs or symptoms of heat illness
Implement temperature assessment, documentation and control measures when temperatures equal or exceed 90 degrees Fahrenheit
Have a written Indoor Heat Illness Prevention Plan that includes appropriate emergency response procedures
Ensure close observation of employees during acclimatization
Provide training for employees and supervisors prior to possible exposure
For more information about heat illness prevention, worker safety, human resources, labor relations, pesticide safety, or food safety issues, please visit www.agsafe.org, contact us at (209) 526-4400 or via email at safeinfo@agsafe.org. AgSafe is a 501c3 nonprofit providing training, education, outreach, and tools in the areas of worker safety, human resources, labor relations, pesticide safety, and food safety issues for the food and farming industries. Since 1991, AgSafe has educated nearly 75,000 employers, supervisors, and workers on these critical issues.
